I think we’ll have to build new institutions, and use regulation to kneecap bad ones. Engagement factories like Twitter/Facebook should be impossible to run: sites running an algorithm outside of a few safe harbors, like reverse chronological from user-selected feeds, should be liable as publishers.

I think we need to try new epistemological institutions, from diverse public media to citizens’ assemblies, to construct authority that can win broad credibility. I don’t have an answer, but as a public we’ve been much too laissez-faire.